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Chapter 22 (The global south on the global stage)

European colonies in the Americas threw off British,French,Spanish or Portuguese rule during the late eighteenth centuries the new nations of the twentieth century claimed an international status equivalent to that of their former rulers  Empires without  attack from highly nationalism governments U.S presence was one factor stimulating the Mexican Revolution  South Africa struggle for freedom it been independent of Great Britain  since 1910 it have been granted by by a government controlled by white settler minority 

Chapter 21 (Revolution, Socialism, and Global Conflict)

European socialist came to believe that they could achieve their goals peacefully and through the democratic process, those who defined themselves as communists in the twentieth century disdained such reformism and advocated uncompromising revolution as the only possible route to a socialist future. By the 1970s almost one third of the worlds population lived in societies governed by communist regimes by far the most significant were the Soviet Union, the world's largest country in size and China   Communist movements of the Twentieth century drew on the mystique of the earlier French Revolution , which suggested that new and better worlds would constructed by human actions 

Chapter 20 (Collapse at the Center)

The conflict that started World War I European civil war provoked the  Russian Revolution and the beginning of world  communism by World War II more struggle came across the world  Europe's modern transformation and its global ascendancy made Italy and Germany joined creating two major new powers  The outbreak of war was something of an accident major states planned or predicted the archduke's assassination  Most European believed The Great War would end short but it lasted more than 4 years  The aftermath of war also brought substantial social and cultural changes to ordinary Europeans and Americans. Integrating millions of returning veterans into civilian life was no easy take 

Chapter 18 (Colonial Encounter is Asia , African , Oceania)

Europeans felt like their culture was the right way and everybody else was heathens. But Europeans adopted many of the ideas and techniques from other societies. They held many aspects of Chinese and Indian civilization in high regard; they freely mixed and mingles Asian and Africans and often married their women .Europeans developed a secular arrogance replacing their religious superiority. They unlocked secrets of nature , created a society of unprecedented wealth, and military power. The Chinese were highly praised until 19th century they were a threat  

Chapter 17 Revolution of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution is an era where human response the endlessly renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil , and natural gas replaced the endlessly renewable energy sources of wind , water, wood, and the muscle power of people and animals. This impact the environment the massive extraction of nonrenewable raw materials to feed and to fuel industrial machinery, coal, iron ore, petroleum,guano, and much more altered the landscape in many places. The British textile industry, which used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, consumed 588 million pounds in 1850. Britain's output of coal soared from 5.23 million tons in 1750 to 68.4 million tons a century later.

Chapter 16 (Echoes through end)

 In 1780-1890 Slavery was abolition ,Enlightenment thinkers in eighteenth-century Europe had increasingly critical of slavery as a violation of the natural rights of every person .Slavery in this view was out of date, unnecessary in the new era of industrial technology and capitalism. The successful Haitian Revolution was followed by three major rebellions in the British West Indies. The Atlantic revolutions also gave new prominence to a relatively recent kind of hum community . By the end of the 20th century , the idea that humankind was divided into separate nations, each with distinct culture and territory and deserving and independent political life.  Atlantic revolution lay in the emergence of a feminist movement . European Enlightenment had challenged traditions, including women's intrinsic inferiority .  

Chapter 16 (1st 2sections)

The Atlantic Revolution started when British government start having conflicts in European wars. Britain's West Indian colonies would make profitable and greater signifinance  than those in North America. Englishmen had birthrights almost no one in the colonies thought of breaking away from England because British Empire provided many advantages such as protection in war.  Atlantic revolution took place in France as well. French soldiers had provided assistance to the American colonists the French government aided the Americans  in effort to undermine its British rivals .